These and other cognates led to the reconstruction of a Proto-Indo-European dawn goddess, *h₂éwsōs. ![]() The root also gave rise to Proto-Germanic *Austrō, Old High German *Ōstara and Old English Ēostre / Ēastre. Main article: h2éwsōs Eos by Evelyn De Morgan (1895)Īll four of the aforementioned goddesses sharing a linguistic connection with Eos are considered derivatives of the Proto-Indo-European stem *h₂ewsṓs (later *Ausṓs), "dawn". Origins Proto-Indo-European dawn goddess Karl Kerenyi observes that Tito shares a linguistic origin with Eos's lover Tithonus, which belonged to an older, pre-Greek language. Lycophron calls her by an archaic name, Tito, meaning "day" and perhaps etymologically linked to "Titan". Heinrich Wilhelm Stoll offered a different (now rejected) etymology for ἠὼς, linking it to the verb αὔω, meaning "to blow", "to breathe." In Mycenaean Greek her name is also attested in the form □□□□ in Linear B, a-wo-i-jo ( Āw(ʰ)oʰios Ἀϝohιος), found in a tablet from Pylos it has been interpreted as a shepherd's personal name related to "dawn", or dative form Āwōiōi. Beekes notes that the Proto-Greek form *ἇϝος ( hãwos) is identical with the Sanskrit relative yāvat, meaning 'as long as'. ![]() It is cognate to the Vedic goddess Ushas, Lithuanian goddess Aušrinė, and Roman goddess Aurora ( Old Latin Ausosa), all three of whom are also goddesses of the dawn. The Proto-Greek form of Ἠώς / Ēṓs has been reconstructed as *ἀυhώς / auhṓs. Several other lovers and romances with both mortal men and gods were attributed to the goddess by various poets throughout the centuries.Įos figures in many works of ancient literature and poetry, but despite her Proto-Indo-European origins, there is little evidence of Eos having received any cult or being the centre of worship during classical times. In another story, she carried off the Athenian Cephalus against his will, but eventually let him go for he ardently wished to be returned to his wife, though not before she denigrated her to him, leading to the couple parting ways. Her most notable mortal lover is the Trojan prince Tithonus, for whom she ensured the gift of immortality, but not eternal youth, leading to him aging without dying for an eternity. Although primarily associated with the dawn and early morning, sometimes Eos would accompany Helios for the entire duration of his journey, and thus she is even seen during dusk.Įos fell in love with mortal men several times, and would abduct them in similar manner to how male gods did mortal women. Thus, her most common epithet of the goddess in the Homeric epics is Rhododactylos, or "rosy-fingered", a reference to the sky's colours at dawn, and Erigeneia, "early-born". Each day she drives her two-horse chariot, heralding the breaking of the new day and her brother's arrival. In rarer traditions, she is the daughter of the Titan Pallas. In Greek literature, Eos is presented as a daughter of the Titans Hyperion and Theia, the sister of the sun god Helios and the moon goddess Selene. In surviving tradition, Aphrodite is the culprit behind Eos' numerous love affairs, having cursed the goddess with insatiable lust for mortal men. Eos, or her earlier Proto-Indo-European (PIE) ancestor, also shares several elements with the love goddess Aphrodite, perhaps signifying Eos's influence on her or otherwise a common origin for the two goddesses. Like her Roman counterpart Aurora and Rigvedic Ushas, Eos continues the name of an earlier Indo-European dawn goddess, Hausos. In Greek tradition and poetry she is characterized as a goddess with a great sexual appetite, who took numerous lovers for her own satisfaction and bore them several children. ![]() In ancient Greek mythology and religion, Eos ( / ˈ iː ɒ s/ Ionic and Homeric Greek Ἠώς Ēṓs, Attic Ἕως Héōs, "dawn", pronounced or Aeolic Αὔως Aúōs, Doric Ἀώς Āṓs) is the goddess and personification of the dawn, who rose each morning from her home at the edge of the river Oceanus to deliver light and disperse the night.
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